mexicanacauses LCL in a region stretching from southern Texas through Central America. tropicaalso has been recognized as an uncommon cause of visceral disease in the Middle East and India. infantumis also a cause of LCL (without visceral disease) in this same geographic distribution. infantumin the Mediterranean basin, Middle East, and Central Asia. donovaniin Kenya, Sudan, India, Pakistan, and China and by L. Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) in the Old World is caused by L.

aethiopicais a cause of LCL and diffuse cutaneous leishmaniasis (DCL) in Kenya and Ethiopia. tropicain North Africa, the Middle East, central Asia, and the Indian subcontinent. Localized cutaneous leishmaniasis (LCL) is caused by L. Malnutrition contributes to the development of disease, and incomplete therapy of initial disease is a risk factor for recurrence of leishmaniasis. Children are at greater risk than adults in endemic areas. The extent and presentation of the disease depends on several factors, including the humoral and cell mediated immune response of the host, the virulence of the infecting species, and the parasite burden. The prevalence is the highest in central and south America, southern Europe, central Africa, and parts of southern and central Asia. Leishmaniasis is estimated to affect 10-50 million people in endemic tropical and subtropical regions on all continents except Australia and Antarctica. This affects various age groups depending on the infecting leishmaniaspecies, geographical location, and disease reservoir and host immunocompetence. Leishmaniasis, a group of protozoan diseases caused by leishmaniaparasites, is transmitted by the bite of some species of sand fly.

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